'use strict';

/*!
 * Module dependencies
 */

const AggregationCursor = require('./cursor/aggregationCursor');
const MongooseError = require('./error/mongooseError');
const Query = require('./query');
const { applyGlobalMaxTimeMS, applyGlobalDiskUse } = require('./helpers/query/applyGlobalOption');
const clone = require('./helpers/clone');
const getConstructorName = require('./helpers/getConstructorName');
const prepareDiscriminatorPipeline = require('./helpers/aggregate/prepareDiscriminatorPipeline');
const { buildMiddlewareFilter } = require('./helpers/buildMiddlewareFilter');
const stringifyFunctionOperators = require('./helpers/aggregate/stringifyFunctionOperators');
const utils = require('./utils');
const { modelSymbol } = require('./helpers/symbols');
const { createTracedChannel } = require('./tracing');
const { trace: traceAggregate } = createTracedChannel('mongoose:aggregate');
const read = Query.prototype.read;
const readConcern = Query.prototype.readConcern;

const validRedactStringValues = new Set(['$$DESCEND', '$$PRUNE', '$$KEEP']);

/**
 * Aggregate constructor used for building aggregation pipelines. Do not
 * instantiate this class directly, use [Model.aggregate()](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/model.html#Model.aggregate()) instead.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     const aggregate = Model.aggregate([
 *       { $project: { a: 1, b: 1 } },
 *       { $skip: 5 }
 *     ]);
 *
 *     Model.
 *       aggregate([{ $match: { age: { $gte: 21 }}}]).
 *       unwind('tags').
 *       exec();
 *
 * #### Note:
 *
 * - The documents returned are plain javascript objects, not mongoose documents (since any shape of document can be returned).
 * - Mongoose does **not** cast pipeline stages. The below will **not** work unless `_id` is a string in the database
 *
 *     new Aggregate([{ $match: { _id: '00000000000000000000000a' } }]);
 *     // Do this instead to cast to an ObjectId
 *     new Aggregate([{ $match: { _id: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId('00000000000000000000000a') } }]);
 *
 * @see MongoDB https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/applications/aggregation/
 * @see driver https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/7.0/classes/Collection.html#aggregate
 * @param {Array} [pipeline] aggregation pipeline as an array of objects
 * @param {Model|Connection} [modelOrConn] the model or connection to use with this aggregate.
 * @api public
 */

function Aggregate(pipeline, modelOrConn) {
  this._pipeline = [];
  if (modelOrConn == null || modelOrConn[modelSymbol]) {
    this._model = modelOrConn;
  } else {
    this._connection = modelOrConn;
  }
  this.options = {};

  if (arguments.length === 1 && Array.isArray(pipeline)) {
    this.append.apply(this, pipeline);
  }
}

/**
 * Contains options passed down to the [aggregate command](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/command/aggregate/).
 * Supported options are:
 *
 * - [`allowDiskUse`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/aggregate.html#Aggregate.prototype.allowDiskUse())
 * - `bypassDocumentValidation`
 * - [`collation`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/aggregate.html#Aggregate.prototype.collation())
 * - `comment`
 * - [`cursor`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/aggregate.html#Aggregate.prototype.cursor())
 * - [`explain`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/aggregate.html#Aggregate.prototype.explain())
 * - `fieldsAsRaw`
 * - [`hint`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/aggregate.html#Aggregate.prototype.hint())
 * - `let`
 * - `maxTimeMS`
 * - `raw`
 * - [`readConcern`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/aggregate.html#Aggregate.prototype.readConcern())
 * - `readPreference`
 * - [`session`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/aggregate.html#Aggregate.prototype.session())
 * - `writeConcern`
 *
 * @property options
 * @memberOf Aggregate
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.options;

/**
 * Returns default options for this aggregate.
 *
 * @param {Model} model
 * @api private
 */

Aggregate.prototype._optionsForExec = function() {
  const options = this.options || {};

  const asyncLocalStorage = this.model()?.db?.base.transactionAsyncLocalStorage?.getStore();
  if (!Object.hasOwn(options, 'session') && asyncLocalStorage?.session != null) {
    options.session = asyncLocalStorage.session;
  }

  return options;
};

/**
 * Get/set the model that this aggregation will execute on.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     const aggregate = MyModel.aggregate([{ $match: { answer: 42 } }]);
 *     aggregate.model() === MyModel; // true
 *
 *     // Change the model. There's rarely any reason to do this.
 *     aggregate.model(SomeOtherModel);
 *     aggregate.model() === SomeOtherModel; // true
 *
 * @param {Model} [model] Set the model associated with this aggregate. If not provided, returns the already stored model.
 * @return {Model}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.model = function(model) {
  if (arguments.length === 0) {
    return this._model;
  }

  this._model = model;
  if (model.schema != null) {
    if (this.options.readPreference == null &&
      model.schema.options.read != null) {
      this.options.readPreference = model.schema.options.read;
    }
    if (this.options.collation == null &&
      model.schema.options.collation != null) {
      this.options.collation = model.schema.options.collation;
    }
  }

  return model;
};

/**
 * Appends new operators to this aggregate pipeline
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.append({ $project: { field: 1 }}, { $limit: 2 });
 *
 *     // or pass an array
 *     const pipeline = [{ $match: { daw: 'Logic Audio X' }} ];
 *     aggregate.append(pipeline);
 *
 * @param {...object|object[]} ops operator(s) to append. Can either be a spread of objects or a single parameter of an object array.
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.append = function() {
  const args = (arguments.length === 1 && Array.isArray(arguments[0]))
    ? arguments[0]
    : [...arguments];

  if (!args.every(isOperator)) {
    throw new MongooseError('Arguments must be aggregate pipeline operators');
  }

  this._pipeline = this._pipeline.concat(args);

  return this;
};

/**
 * Appends a new $addFields operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 * Requires MongoDB v3.4+ to work
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     // adding new fields based on existing fields
 *     aggregate.addFields({
 *         newField: '$b.nested'
 *       , plusTen: { $add: ['$val', 10]}
 *       , sub: {
 *            name: '$a'
 *         }
 *     })
 *
 *     // etc
 *     aggregate.addFields({ salary_k: { $divide: [ "$salary", 1000 ] } });
 *
 * @param {object} arg field specification
 * @see $addFields https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/addFields/
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */
Aggregate.prototype.addFields = function(arg) {
  if (typeof arg !== 'object' || arg === null || Array.isArray(arg)) {
    throw new MongooseError('Invalid addFields() argument. Must be an object');
  }
  return this.append({ $addFields: Object.assign({}, arg) });
};

/**
 * Appends a new $project operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * Mongoose query [selection syntax](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/query.html#Query.prototype.select()) is also supported.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     // include a, include b, exclude _id
 *     aggregate.project("a b -_id");
 *
 *     // or you may use object notation, useful when
 *     // you have keys already prefixed with a "-"
 *     aggregate.project({a: 1, b: 1, _id: 0});
 *
 *     // reshaping documents
 *     aggregate.project({
 *         newField: '$b.nested'
 *       , plusTen: { $add: ['$val', 10]}
 *       , sub: {
 *            name: '$a'
 *         }
 *     })
 *
 *     // etc
 *     aggregate.project({ salary_k: { $divide: [ "$salary", 1000 ] } });
 *
 * @param {object|string} arg field specification
 * @see projection https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/aggregation/project/
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.project = function(arg) {
  const fields = {};

  if (typeof arg === 'object' && !Array.isArray(arg)) {
    Object.keys(arg).forEach(function(field) {
      fields[field] = arg[field];
    });
  } else if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof arg === 'string') {
    arg.split(/\s+/).forEach(function(field) {
      if (!field) {
        return;
      }
      const include = field[0] === '-' ? 0 : 1;
      if (include === 0) {
        field = field.substring(1);
      }
      fields[field] = include;
    });
  } else {
    throw new MongooseError('Invalid project() argument. Must be string or object');
  }

  return this.append({ $project: fields });
};

/**
 * Appends a new custom $group operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.group({ _id: "$department" });
 *
 * @see $group https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/aggregation/group/
 * @method group
 * @memberOf Aggregate
 * @instance
 * @param {object} arg $group operator contents
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

/**
 * Appends a new custom $match operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.match({ department: { $in: [ "sales", "engineering" ] } });
 *
 * @see $match https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/aggregation/match/
 * @method match
 * @memberOf Aggregate
 * @instance
 * @param {object} arg $match operator contents
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

/**
 * Appends a new $skip operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.skip(10);
 *
 * @see $skip https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/aggregation/skip/
 * @method skip
 * @memberOf Aggregate
 * @instance
 * @param {number} num number of records to skip before next stage
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

/**
 * Appends a new $limit operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.limit(10);
 *
 * @see $limit https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/aggregation/limit/
 * @method limit
 * @memberOf Aggregate
 * @instance
 * @param {number} num maximum number of records to pass to the next stage
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */


/**
 * Appends a new $densify operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *      aggregate.densify({
 *        field: 'timestamp',
 *        range: {
 *          step: 1,
 *          unit: 'hour',
 *          bounds: [new Date('2021-05-18T00:00:00.000Z'), new Date('2021-05-18T08:00:00.000Z')]
 *        }
 *      });
 *
 * @see $densify https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/densify/
 * @method densify
 * @memberOf Aggregate
 * @instance
 * @param {object} arg $densify operator contents
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

/**
 * Appends a new $fill operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *      aggregate.fill({
 *        output: {
 *          bootsSold: { value: 0 },
 *          sandalsSold: { value: 0 },
 *          sneakersSold: { value: 0 }
 *        }
 *      });
 *
 * @see $fill https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/fill/
 * @method fill
 * @memberOf Aggregate
 * @instance
 * @param {object} arg $fill operator contents
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

/**
 * Appends a new $geoNear operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Note:
 *
 * **MUST** be used as the first operator in the pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.near({
 *       near: { type: 'Point', coordinates: [40.724, -73.997] },
 *       distanceField: "dist.calculated", // required
 *       maxDistance: 0.008,
 *       query: { type: "public" },
 *       includeLocs: "dist.location",
 *       spherical: true,
 *     });
 *
 * @see $geoNear https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/aggregation/geoNear/
 * @method near
 * @memberOf Aggregate
 * @instance
 * @param {object} arg
 * @param {object|number[]} arg.near GeoJSON point or coordinates array
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.near = function(arg) {
  if (arg == null) {
    throw new MongooseError('Aggregate `near()` must be called with non-nullish argument');
  }
  if (arg.near == null) {
    throw new MongooseError('Aggregate `near()` argument must have a `near` property');
  }
  const coordinates = Array.isArray(arg.near) ? arg.near : arg.near.coordinates;
  if (typeof arg.near === 'object' && (!Array.isArray(coordinates) || coordinates.length < 2 || coordinates.find(c => typeof c !== 'number'))) {
    throw new MongooseError(`Aggregate \`near()\` argument has invalid coordinates, got "${coordinates}"`);
  }

  const op = {};
  op.$geoNear = arg;
  return this.append(op);
};

/*!
 * define methods
 */

'group match skip limit out densify fill'.split(' ').forEach(function($operator) {
  Aggregate.prototype[$operator] = function(arg) {
    const op = {};
    op['$' + $operator] = arg;
    return this.append(op);
  };
});

/**
 * Appends new custom $unwind operator(s) to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * Note that the `$unwind` operator requires the path name to start with '$'.
 * Mongoose will prepend '$' if the specified field doesn't start '$'.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.unwind("tags");
 *     aggregate.unwind("a", "b", "c");
 *     aggregate.unwind({ path: '$tags', preserveNullAndEmptyArrays: true });
 *
 * @see $unwind https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/aggregation/unwind/
 * @param {string|object|string[]|object[]} fields the field(s) to unwind, either as field names or as [objects with options](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/unwind/#document-operand-with-options). If passing a string, prefixing the field name with '$' is optional. If passing an object, `path` must start with '$'.
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.unwind = function() {
  const args = [...arguments];

  const res = [];
  for (const arg of args) {
    if (arg && typeof arg === 'object') {
      res.push({ $unwind: arg });
    } else if (typeof arg === 'string') {
      res.push({
        $unwind: (arg[0] === '$') ? arg : '$' + arg
      });
    } else {
      throw new MongooseError('Invalid arg "' + arg + '" to unwind(), ' +
        'must be string or object');
    }
  }

  return this.append.apply(this, res);
};

/**
 * Appends a new $replaceRoot operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * Note that the `$replaceRoot` operator requires field strings to start with '$'.
 * If you are passing in a string Mongoose will prepend '$' if the specified field doesn't start '$'.
 * If you are passing in an object the strings in your expression will not be altered.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.replaceRoot("user");
 *
 *     aggregate.replaceRoot({ x: { $concat: ['$this', '$that'] } });
 *
 * @see $replaceRoot https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/replaceRoot
 * @param {string|object} newRoot the field or document which will become the new root document
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.replaceRoot = function(newRoot) {
  let ret;

  if (typeof newRoot === 'string') {
    ret = newRoot.startsWith('$') ? newRoot : '$' + newRoot;
  } else {
    ret = newRoot;
  }

  return this.append({
    $replaceRoot: {
      newRoot: ret
    }
  });
};

/**
 * Appends a new $count operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.count("userCount");
 *
 * @see $count https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/count
 * @param {string} fieldName The name of the output field which has the count as its value. It must be a non-empty string, must not start with $ and must not contain the . character.
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.count = function(fieldName) {
  return this.append({ $count: fieldName });
};

/**
 * Appends a new $sortByCount operator to this aggregate pipeline. Accepts either a string field name
 * or a pipeline object.
 *
 * Note that the `$sortByCount` operator requires the new root to start with '$'.
 * Mongoose will prepend '$' if the specified field name doesn't start with '$'.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.sortByCount('users');
 *     aggregate.sortByCount({ $mergeObjects: [ "$employee", "$business" ] })
 *
 * @see $sortByCount https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/sortByCount/
 * @param {object|string} arg
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.sortByCount = function(arg) {
  if (arg && typeof arg === 'object') {
    return this.append({ $sortByCount: arg });
  } else if (typeof arg === 'string') {
    return this.append({
      $sortByCount: (arg[0] === '$') ? arg : '$' + arg
    });
  } else {
    throw new TypeError('Invalid arg "' + arg + '" to sortByCount(), ' +
      'must be string or object');
  }
};

/**
 * Appends new custom $lookup operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.lookup({ from: 'users', localField: 'userId', foreignField: '_id', as: 'users' });
 *
 * @see $lookup https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/lookup/#pipe._S_lookup
 * @param {object} options to $lookup as described in the above link
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.lookup = function(options) {
  return this.append({ $lookup: options });
};

/**
 * Appends new custom $graphLookup operator(s) to this aggregate pipeline, performing a recursive search on a collection.
 *
 * Note that graphLookup can only consume at most 100MB of memory, and does not allow disk use even if `{ allowDiskUse: true }` is specified.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *      // Suppose we have a collection of courses, where a document might look like `{ _id: 0, name: 'Calculus', prerequisite: 'Trigonometry'}` and `{ _id: 0, name: 'Trigonometry', prerequisite: 'Algebra' }`
 *      aggregate.graphLookup({ from: 'courses', startWith: '$prerequisite', connectFromField: 'prerequisite', connectToField: 'name', as: 'prerequisites', maxDepth: 3 }) // this will recursively search the 'courses' collection up to 3 prerequisites
 *
 * @see $graphLookup https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/graphLookup/#pipe._S_graphLookup
 * @param {object} options to $graphLookup as described in the above link
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.graphLookup = function(options) {
  const cloneOptions = {};
  if (options) {
    if (!utils.isObject(options)) {
      throw new TypeError('Invalid graphLookup() argument. Must be an object.');
    }

    utils.mergeClone(cloneOptions, options);
    const startWith = cloneOptions.startWith;

    if (startWith && typeof startWith === 'string') {
      cloneOptions.startWith = cloneOptions.startWith.startsWith('$') ?
        cloneOptions.startWith :
        '$' + cloneOptions.startWith;
    }

  }
  return this.append({ $graphLookup: cloneOptions });
};

/**
 * Appends new custom $sample operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.sample(3); // Add a pipeline that picks 3 random documents
 *
 * @see $sample https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/sample/#pipe._S_sample
 * @param {number} size number of random documents to pick
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.sample = function(size) {
  return this.append({ $sample: { size: size } });
};

/**
 * Appends a new $sort operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * If an object is passed, values allowed are `asc`, `desc`, `ascending`, `descending`, `1`, and `-1`.
 *
 * If a string is passed, it must be a space delimited list of path names. The sort order of each path is ascending unless the path name is prefixed with `-` which will be treated as descending.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     // these are equivalent
 *     aggregate.sort({ field: 'asc', test: -1 });
 *     aggregate.sort('field -test');
 *
 * @see $sort https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/aggregation/sort/
 * @param {object|string} arg
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.sort = function(arg) {
  // TODO refactor to reuse the query builder logic

  const sort = {};

  if (getConstructorName(arg) === 'Object') {
    const desc = ['desc', 'descending', -1];
    Object.keys(arg).forEach(function(field) {
      // If sorting by text score, skip coercing into 1/-1
      if (arg[field] instanceof Object && arg[field].$meta) {
        sort[field] = arg[field];
        return;
      }
      sort[field] = desc.indexOf(arg[field]) === -1 ? 1 : -1;
    });
  } else if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof arg === 'string') {
    arg.split(/\s+/).forEach(function(field) {
      if (!field) {
        return;
      }
      const ascend = field[0] === '-' ? -1 : 1;
      if (ascend === -1) {
        field = field.substring(1);
      }
      sort[field] = ascend;
    });
  } else {
    throw new TypeError('Invalid sort() argument. Must be a string or object.');
  }

  return this.append({ $sort: sort });
};

/**
 * Appends new $unionWith operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     aggregate.unionWith({ coll: 'users', pipeline: [ { $match: { _id: 1 } } ] });
 *
 * @see $unionWith https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/unionWith
 * @param {object} options to $unionWith query as described in the above link
 * @return {Aggregate}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.unionWith = function(options) {
  return this.append({ $unionWith: options });
};


/**
 * Sets the readPreference option for the aggregation query.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     await Model.aggregate(pipeline).read('primaryPreferred');
 *
 * @param {string|ReadPreference} pref one of the listed preference options or their aliases
 * @param {Array} [tags] optional tags for this query.
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @api public
 * @see mongodb https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/applications/replication/#read-preference
 */

Aggregate.prototype.read = function(pref, tags) {
  read.call(this, pref, tags);
  return this;
};

/**
 * Sets the readConcern level for the aggregation query.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     await Model.aggregate(pipeline).readConcern('majority');
 *
 * @param {'local'|'available'|'majority'|'snapshot'|'linearizable'|'l'|'a'|'m'|'s'|'lz'} level one of the listed read concern level or their aliases
 * @see mongodb https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/read-concern/
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.readConcern = function(level) {
  readConcern.call(this, level);
  return this;
};

/**
 * Appends a new $redact operator to this aggregate pipeline.
 *
 * If 3 arguments are supplied, Mongoose will wrap them with if-then-else of $cond operator respectively
 * If `thenExpr` or `elseExpr` is string, make sure it starts with $$, like `$$DESCEND`, `$$PRUNE` or `$$KEEP`.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     await Model.aggregate(pipeline).redact({
 *       $cond: {
 *         if: { $eq: [ '$level', 5 ] },
 *         then: '$$PRUNE',
 *         else: '$$DESCEND'
 *       }
 *     });
 *
 *     // $redact often comes with $cond operator, you can also use the following syntax provided by mongoose
 *     await Model.aggregate(pipeline).redact({ $eq: [ '$level', 5 ] }, '$$PRUNE', '$$DESCEND');
 *
 * @param {object} expression redact options or conditional expression
 * @param {string|object} [thenExpr] true case for the condition
 * @param {string|object} [elseExpr] false case for the condition
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @see $redact https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/redact/
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.redact = function(expression, thenExpr, elseExpr) {
  if (arguments.length === 3) {
    if ((typeof thenExpr === 'string' && !validRedactStringValues.has(thenExpr)) ||
      (typeof elseExpr === 'string' && !validRedactStringValues.has(elseExpr))) {
      throw new MongooseError('If thenExpr or elseExpr is string, it must be either $$DESCEND, $$PRUNE or $$KEEP');
    }

    expression = {
      $cond: {
        if: expression,
        then: thenExpr,
        else: elseExpr
      }
    };
  } else if (arguments.length !== 1) {
    throw new TypeError('Invalid arguments');
  }

  return this.append({ $redact: expression });
};

/**
 * Execute the aggregation with explain
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     Model.aggregate(..).explain()
 *
 * @param {'queryPlanner'|'executionStats'|'allPlansExecution'} [verbosity]
 * @return {Promise}
 */

Aggregate.prototype.explain = async function explain(verbosity) {
  if (typeof verbosity === 'function' || typeof arguments[1] === 'function') {
    throw new MongooseError('Aggregate.prototype.explain() no longer accepts a callback');
  }
  const model = this._model;

  if (!this._pipeline.length) {
    throw new MongooseError('Aggregate has empty pipeline');
  }

  prepareDiscriminatorPipeline(this._pipeline, this._model.schema);

  const preFilter = buildMiddlewareFilter(this.options, 'pre');
  const postFilter = buildMiddlewareFilter(this.options, 'post');

  // Remove middleware option before passing to MongoDB
  const options = this.options != null ? { ...this.options } : {};
  delete options.middleware;

  try {
    await model.hooks.execPre('aggregate', this, [], { filter: preFilter });
  } catch (error) {
    return await model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', this, [null], { error, filter: postFilter });
  }

  const cursor = await model.collection.aggregate(this._pipeline, options);

  if (verbosity == null) {
    verbosity = true;
  }

  let result = null;
  try {
    result = await cursor.explain(verbosity);
  } catch (error) {
    return await model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', this, [null], { error, filter: postFilter });
  }

  await model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', this, [result], { error: null, filter: postFilter });

  return result;
};

/**
 * Sets the allowDiskUse option for the aggregation query
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     await Model.aggregate([{ $match: { foo: 'bar' } }]).allowDiskUse(true);
 *
 * @param {boolean} value Should tell server it can use hard drive to store data during aggregation.
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @see mongodb https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/command/aggregate/
 */

Aggregate.prototype.allowDiskUse = function(value) {
  this.options.allowDiskUse = value;
  return this;
};

/**
 * Sets the hint option for the aggregation query
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     Model.aggregate(..).hint({ qty: 1, category: 1 }).exec();
 *
 * @param {object|string} value a hint object or the index name
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @see mongodb https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/command/aggregate/
 */

Aggregate.prototype.hint = function(value) {
  this.options.hint = value;
  return this;
};

/**
 * Sets the session for this aggregation. Useful for [transactions](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/transactions.html).
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     const session = await Model.startSession();
 *     await Model.aggregate(..).session(session);
 *
 * @param {ClientSession} session
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @see mongodb https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/command/aggregate/
 */

Aggregate.prototype.session = function(session) {
  if (session == null) {
    delete this.options.session;
  } else {
    this.options.session = session;
  }
  return this;
};

/**
 * Lets you set arbitrary options, for middleware or plugins.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     const agg = Model.aggregate(..).option({ allowDiskUse: true }); // Set the `allowDiskUse` option
 *     agg.options; // `{ allowDiskUse: true }`
 *
 * @param {object} options keys to merge into current options
 * @param {number} [options.maxTimeMS] number limits the time this aggregation will run, see [MongoDB docs on `maxTimeMS`](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/meta/maxTimeMS/)
 * @param {boolean} [options.allowDiskUse] boolean if true, the MongoDB server will use the hard drive to store data during this aggregation
 * @param {object} [options.collation] object see [`Aggregate.prototype.collation()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/aggregate.html#Aggregate.prototype.collation())
 * @param {ClientSession} [options.session] ClientSession see [`Aggregate.prototype.session()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/aggregate.html#Aggregate.prototype.session())
 * @param {boolean|object} [options.middleware=true] set to `false` to skip all user-defined middleware
 * @param {boolean} [options.middleware.pre=true] set to `false` to skip only pre hooks
 * @param {boolean} [options.middleware.post=true] set to `false` to skip only post hooks
 * @see mongodb https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/command/aggregate/
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.option = function(value) {
  for (const key in value) {
    this.options[key] = value[key];
  }
  return this;
};

/**
 * Sets the `cursor` option and executes this aggregation, returning an aggregation cursor.
 * Cursors are useful if you want to process the results of the aggregation one-at-a-time
 * because the aggregation result is too big to fit into memory.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     const cursor = Model.aggregate(..).cursor({ batchSize: 1000 });
 *     cursor.eachAsync(function(doc, i) {
 *       // use doc
 *     });
 *
 * @param {object} options
 * @param {number} [options.batchSize] set the cursor batch size
 * @param {boolean} [options.useMongooseAggCursor] use experimental mongoose-specific aggregation cursor (for `eachAsync()` and other query cursor semantics)
 * @return {AggregationCursor} cursor representing this aggregation
 * @api public
 * @see mongodb https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/7.0/classes/AggregationCursor.html
 */

Aggregate.prototype.cursor = function(options) {
  this._optionsForExec();
  this.options.cursor = options || {};
  return new AggregationCursor(this); // return this;
};

/**
 * Adds a collation
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     const res = await Model.aggregate(pipeline).collation({ locale: 'en_US', strength: 1 });
 *
 * @param {object} collation options
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @api public
 * @see mongodb https://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/7.0/interfaces/CollationOptions.html
 */

Aggregate.prototype.collation = function(collation) {
  this.options.collation = collation;
  return this;
};

/**
 * Combines multiple aggregation pipelines.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     const res = await Model.aggregate().facet({
 *       books: [{ groupBy: '$author' }],
 *       price: [{ $bucketAuto: { groupBy: '$price', buckets: 2 } }]
 *     });
 *
 *     // Output: { books: [...], price: [{...}, {...}] }
 *
 * @param {object} facet options
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @see $facet https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/facet/
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.facet = function(options) {
  return this.append({ $facet: options });
};

/**
 * Helper for [Atlas Text Search](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/atlas/atlas-search/tutorial/)'s
 * `$search` stage.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     const res = await Model.aggregate().
 *      search({
 *        text: {
 *          query: 'baseball',
 *          path: 'plot'
 *        }
 *      });
 *
 *     // Output: [{ plot: '...', title: '...' }]
 *
 * @param {object} $search options
 * @return {Aggregate} this
 * @see $search https://www.mongodb.com/docs/atlas/atlas-search/tutorial/
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.search = function(options) {
  return this.append({ $search: options });
};

/**
 * Returns the current pipeline
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     MyModel.aggregate().match({ test: 1 }).pipeline(); // [{ $match: { test: 1 } }]
 *
 * @return {PipelineStage[]} The current pipeline similar to the operation that will be executed
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.pipeline = function() {
  return this._pipeline;
};

/**
 * Returns the current pipeline as a `$unionWith`-safe pipeline.
 * Throws if this pipeline contains `$out` or `$merge`.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     const base = MyModel.aggregate().match({ test: 1 });
 *     base.pipelineForUnionWith(); // [{ $match: { test: 1 } }]
 *
 * @return {PipelineStage[]} The current pipeline with `$unionWith` stage restrictions
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.pipelineForUnionWith = function pipelineForUnionWith() {
  for (const stage of this._pipeline) {
    if (stage?.$out != null || stage?.$merge != null) {
      throw new MongooseError('Aggregate pipeline for $unionWith cannot include `$out` or `$merge` stages');
    }
  }

  return this._pipeline;
};

/**
 * Executes the aggregate pipeline on the currently bound Model.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *     const result = await aggregate.exec();
 *
 * @return {Promise}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.exec = async function exec() {
  if (!this._model && !this._connection) {
    throw new MongooseError('Aggregate not bound to any Model');
  }
  if (typeof arguments[0] === 'function') {
    throw new MongooseError('Aggregate.prototype.exec() no longer accepts a callback');
  }

  if (this._connection) {
    if (!this._pipeline.length) {
      throw new MongooseError('Aggregate has empty pipeline');
    }

    this._optionsForExec();

    const _this = this;
    return traceAggregate(async function maybeTracedConnectionAggregate() {
      const cursor = await _this._connection.client.db().aggregate(_this._pipeline, _this.options);
      return await cursor.toArray();
    }, () => ({
      operation: 'aggregate',
      database: _this._connection.name,
      serverAddress: _this._connection.host,
      serverPort: _this._connection.port,
      args: {
        pipeline: _this._pipeline,
        options: _this.options
      }
    }));
  }

  const model = this._model;
  const collection = this._model.collection;

  applyGlobalMaxTimeMS(this.options, model.db.options, model.base.options);
  applyGlobalDiskUse(this.options, model.db.options, model.base.options);

  this._optionsForExec();

  if (this.options?.cursor) {
    return new AggregationCursor(this);
  }

  prepareDiscriminatorPipeline(this._pipeline, this._model.schema);
  stringifyFunctionOperators(this._pipeline);

  const _this = this;
  return traceAggregate(async function maybeTracedAggregateExec() {
    const preFilter = buildMiddlewareFilter(_this.options, 'pre');
    const postFilter = buildMiddlewareFilter(_this.options, 'post');

    try {
      await model.hooks.execPre('aggregate', _this, [], { filter: preFilter });
    } catch (error) {
      return await model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', _this, [null], { error, filter: postFilter });
    }

    if (!_this._pipeline.length) {
      throw new MongooseError('Aggregate has empty pipeline');
    }

    const options = clone(_this.options || {});
    delete options.middleware;

    let result;
    try {
      const cursor = await collection.aggregate(_this._pipeline, options);
      result = await cursor.toArray();
    } catch (error) {
      return await model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', _this, [null], { error, filter: postFilter });
    }

    await model.hooks.execPost('aggregate', _this, [result], { error: null, filter: postFilter });
    return result;
  }, () => ({
    operation: 'aggregate',
    collection: collection.name,
    database: model.db?.name,
    serverAddress: model.db?.host,
    serverPort: model.db?.port,
    args: {
      pipeline: _this._pipeline,
      options: _this.options
    }
  }));
};

/**
 * Provides a Promise-like `then` function, which will call `.exec` without a callback
 * Compatible with `await`.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     Model.aggregate(..).then(successCallback, errorCallback);
 *
 * @param {Function} [resolve] successCallback
 * @param {Function} [reject]  errorCallback
 * @return {Promise}
 */
Aggregate.prototype.then = function(resolve, reject) {
  return this.exec().then(resolve, reject);
};

/**
 * Executes the aggregation returning a `Promise` which will be
 * resolved with either the doc(s) or rejected with the error.
 * Like [`.then()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api/query.html#Query.prototype.then), but only takes a rejection handler.
 * Compatible with `await`.
 *
 * @param {Function} [reject]
 * @return {Promise}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.catch = function(reject) {
  return this.exec().then(null, reject);
};

/**
 * Executes the aggregate returning a `Promise` which will be
 * resolved with `.finally()` chained.
 *
 * More about [Promise `finally()` in JavaScript](https://thecodebarbarian.com/using-promise-finally-in-node-js.html).
 *
 * @param {Function} [onFinally]
 * @return {Promise}
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype.finally = function(onFinally) {
  return this.exec().finally(onFinally);
};

/**
 * Returns an asyncIterator for use with [`for/await/of` loops](https://thecodebarbarian.com/getting-started-with-async-iterators-in-node-js)
 * You do not need to call this function explicitly, the JavaScript runtime
 * will call it for you.
 *
 * #### Example:
 *
 *     const agg = Model.aggregate([{ $match: { age: { $gte: 25 } } }]);
 *     for await (const doc of agg) {
 *       console.log(doc.name);
 *     }
 *
 * @method [Symbol.asyncIterator]
 * @memberOf Aggregate
 * @instance
 * @api public
 */

Aggregate.prototype[Symbol.asyncIterator] = function() {
  return this.cursor({ useMongooseAggCursor: true }).transformNull()._transformForAsyncIterator();
};

/*!
 * Helpers
 */

/**
 * Checks whether an object is likely a pipeline operator
 *
 * @param {object} obj object to check
 * @return {boolean}
 * @api private
 */

function isOperator(obj) {
  if (typeof obj !== 'object' || obj === null) {
    return false;
  }

  const k = Object.keys(obj);

  return k.length === 1 && k[0][0] === '$';
}

/**
 * Adds the appropriate `$match` pipeline step to the top of an aggregate's
 * pipeline, should it's model is a non-root discriminator type. This is
 * analogous to the `prepareDiscriminatorCriteria` function in `lib/query.js`.
 *
 * @param {Aggregate} aggregate Aggregate to prepare
 * @api private
 */

Aggregate._prepareDiscriminatorPipeline = prepareDiscriminatorPipeline;

/*!
 * Exports
 */

module.exports = Aggregate;
